Alzheimer’s disease has historically been a devastating diagnosis, afflicting millions of people and families around the world. For decades there has been no way to slow the disease’s progression, and treatment options have been limited to managing symptoms.
New research is shaking up the conversation. Researchers have made promising advances that could go after the root causes of Alzheimer’s, bringing hope as never before.
Understanding Alzheimer’s
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss, cognitive decline and malfunction in performing daily tasks.
It is characterized chiefly by the accumulation of two proteins:
- Beta-amyloid plaques - clumps of protein that disrupt communication among brain cells.
- Tau tangles - twisted protein fibers found within cells that interfere with essential functions, resulting in cell death.
Though these changes occur over the course of years, early intervention is critical to reducing the impact of the disease.
Advancement in treatments
Promising new treatments for decades centered on alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. New drugs that target against amyloid plaques and tau tangles are working to slow disease progression by going directly after these culprits, the causes of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Lecanemab - this monoclonal antibody has been approved by the F.D.A. to help remove beta-amyloid plaques. It has been shown to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
- Donanemab - is another promising therapy that is currently in trials., Donanemab also targets amyloid buildup and appears to delay symptoms in mild cases.
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These breakthroughs are a turning point for Alzheimer’s treatment, but they are most effective when begun early. This is why it’s so important to be familiar with symptoms and why you should see a healthcare provider as soon as possible.
While some of these newer treatments get a lot of attention, several well-established medications can still help relieve symptoms in Alzheimer’s patients:
- Donepezil (Aricept) - helps enhance memory and cognitive function in mild to moderate cases.
- Memantine (Namenda) - moderates brain chemicals to slow symptom progression in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s.
These medications don’t halt the disease but can prolong quality of life and independence.
What this means for patients and families - Alzheimer’s is a life-altering diagnosis, but research is unlocking new possibilities. However, with early detection and new treatments, the future of care has never looked brighter. If you or a loved one are experiencing memory problems, speaking to a physician might lead to new possibilities for treatment.
In a rapidly professionalizing science, knowledge of breakthroughs like these can provide patients and families with more confidence and hope as they fight Alzheimer’s.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
What are some of the early signs of Alzheimer’s?
Early symptoms are memory loss, difficulty completing familiar tasks, trouble with problem-solving, confusion with time or place and changes in mood or personality.
Who is at highest risk for Alzheimer’s?
The single largest risk factor is age, particularly people older than 65. Certain genetic factors, lifestyle factors and medical conditions such as heart disease and diabetes may also elevate risk.
Can Alzheimer’s be prevented?
There’s no sure way to prevent Alzheimer’s, but a healthy lifestyle including regular exercise, a balanced diet, social engagement, and management of chronic conditions may reduce risk.
How is Alzheimer’s diagnosed?
To diagnose Alzheimer’s, doctors consider medical history, cognitive (thinking) tests, brain imaging (MRI or PET scans) and, sometimes, spinal fluid analysis.
How long does it take for Alzheimer’s treatments to have an effect?
Novel therapies such as Lecanemab can take months to show observable impact, while drugs that control symptoms like Donepezil can show improvement within a few weeks.
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